Chd5
Developmental stage
Detected at 15.5 dpc in the cortex, expression increases at 18.5 dpc, after birth and to adulthood. Expression increases in late-stage neuronal progenitor during their terminal differentiation.
Domain
The PHD domains mediate specific binding to histone H3 unmethylated at 'Lys-4' and may preferentially recruit the protein to transcriptionally inactive genes.
The chromo domains mediate specific binding to histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) and may be required in neuron differentiation for proper gene regulation.
Function
Chromatin-remodeling protein that binds DNA through histones and regulates gene transcription (PubMed:23318260). May specifically recognize and bind trimethylated 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) and non-methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (PubMed:23318260, PubMed:23948251). Acts as a component of the histone deacetylase NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin (PubMed:27806305). Plays a role in the development of the nervous system by activating the expression of genes promoting neuron terminal differentiation (PubMed:23948251, PubMed:27806305). In parallel, it may also positively regulate the trimethylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-27' thereby specifically repressing genes that promote the differentiation into non-neuronal cell lineages (PubMed:23948251). Regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation (PubMed:17289567). Downstream activated genes may include CDKN2A that positively regulates the p53/TP53 pathway, which in turn, prevents cell proliferation (PubMed:17289567). In spermatogenesis, it probably regulates histone hyperacetylation and the replacement of histones by transition proteins in chromatin, a crucial step in the condensation of spermatid chromatin and the production of functional spermatozoa (PubMed:24252660).
Post-translational modifications
Methylated at Gln-1392 by N6AMT1.
Sequence Similarities
Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family.
Tissue Specificity
Specifically expressed by neurons in brain, retina and adrenal gland (at protein level). Also detected in testis.
Cellular localization
- Nucleus
- Chromosome
Alternative names
Kiaa0444, Chd5, Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 5, CHD-5, ATP-dependent helicase CHD5