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    human-hmgb1-peptide-ab18650.pdf

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Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling Histones HMGs
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Human HMGB1 peptide (ab18650)

  • Datasheet
Reviews (2)Q&A (3)References (4)

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Abpromise

保証された製品品質、優れたカスタマー・サポート。 詳細はこちら。

Functional Studies - Human HMGB1 peptide (ab18650)

    Key features and details

    • Purity: > 90% HPLC
    • Suitable for: Blocking, Functional Studies

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    関連製品

    製品の詳細

    • 製品名

      Human HMGB1 peptide
      HMGB1 タンパク質・ペプチド 製品一覧
    • 精製度

      > 90 % HPLC.

    • アクセッション番号

      P09429
    • Animal free

      No
    • 由来

      Synthetic
      • 生物種

        Human

    関連製品

    • Corresponding Antibody

      • Anti-HMGB1 antibody (ab18256)

    特性

    Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab18650 in the following tested applications.

    The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

    • アプリケーション

      Blocking - Blocking peptide for Anti-HMGB1 antibody (ab18256)

      Functional Studies

    • 製品の状態

      Lyophilized
    • 備考

      - First try to dissolve a small amount of peptide in either water or buffer. The more charged residues on a peptide, the more soluble it is in aqueous solutions.
      - If the peptide doesn’t dissolve try an organic solvent e.g. DMSO, then dilute using water or buffer.
      - Consider that any solvent used must be compatible with your assay. If a peptide does not dissolve and you need to recover it, lyophilise to remove the solvent.
      - Gentle warming and sonication can effectively aid peptide solubilisation. If the solution is cloudy or has gelled the peptide may be in suspension rather than solubilised.
      - Peptides containing cysteine are easily oxidised, so should be prepared in solution just prior to use.

    • Concentration information loading...

    前処理および保存

    • 保存方法および安定性

      Shipped at 4°C. Store at -20°C.

      Information available upon request.

    関連情報

    • 別名

      • Amphoterin
      • Chromosomal protein, nonhistone, HMG1
      • DKFZp686A04236
      • High mobility group 1
      • High mobility group box 1
      • High mobility group protein 1
      • High mobility group protein B1
      • high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 1
      • HMG-1
      • HMG1
      • HMG3
      • HMGB 1
      • HMGB1
      • HMGB1_HUMAN
      • NONHISTONE CHROMOSOMAL PROTEIN HMG1
      • SBP 1
      • Sulfoglucuronyl carbohydrate binding protein
      see all
    • 機能

      Multifunctional redox sensitive protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. In the nucleus is one of the major chromatin-associated non-histone proteins and acts as a DNA chaperone involved in replication, transcription, chromatin remodeling, V(D)J recombination, DNA repair and genome stability. Proposed to be an universal biosensor for nucleic acids. Promotes host inflammatory response to sterile and infectious signals and is involved in the coordination and integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the cytoplasm functions as sensor and/or chaperone for immunogenic nucleic acids implicating the activation of TLR9-mediated immune responses, and mediates autophagy. Acts as danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that amplifies immune responses during tissue injury. Released to the extracellular environment can bind DNA, nucleosomes, IL-1 beta, CXCL12, AGER isoform 2/sRAGE, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and activates cells through engagement of multiple surface receptors. In the extracellular compartment fully reduced HMGB1 (released by necrosis) acts as a chemokine, disulfide HMGB1 (actively secreted) as a cytokine, and sulfonyl HMGB1 (released from apoptotic cells) promotes immunological tolerance (PubMed:23519706, PubMed:23446148, PubMed:23994764, PubMed:25048472). Has proangiogdenic activity (By similarity). May be involved in platelet activation (By similarity). Binds to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamide (By similarity). Bound to RAGE mediates signaling for neuronal outgrowth (By similarity). May play a role in accumulation of expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) proteins such as huntingtin (HTT) or TBP (PubMed:23303669, PubMed:25549101).
      Nuclear functions are attributed to fully reduced HGMB1. Associates with chromatin and binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA, DNA-containing cruciforms or bent structures, supercoiled DNA and ZDNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (PubMed:20123072). May have an enhancing role in nucleotide excision repair (NER) (By similarity). However, effects in NER using in vitro systems have been reported conflictingly (PubMed:19446504, PubMed:19360789). May be involved in mismatch repair (MMR) and base excision repair (BER) pathways (PubMed:15014079, PubMed:16143102, PubMed:17803946). May be involved in double strand break repair such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) (By similarity). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (By similarity). In vitro can displace histone H1 from highly bent DNA (By similarity). Can restructure the canonical nucleosome leading to relaxation of structural constraints for transcription factor-binding (By similarity). Enhances binding of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) such as SREBF1 to their cognate DNA sequences and increases their transcriptional activities (By similarity). Facilitates binding of TP53 to DNA (PubMed:23063560). Proposed to be involved in mitochondrial quality control and autophagy in a transcription-dependent fashion implicating HSPB1; however, this function has been questioned (By similarity). Can modulate the activity of the telomerase complex and may be involved in telomere maintenance.
      In the cytoplasm proposed to dissociate the BECN1:BCL2 complex via competitive interaction with BECN1 leading to autophagy activation (PubMed:20819940). Involved in oxidative stress-mediated autophagy (PubMed:21395369). Can protect BECN1 and ATG5 from calpain-mediated cleavage and thus proposed to control their proautophagic and proapoptotic functions and to regulate the extent and severity of inflammation-associated cellular injury (By similarity). In myeloid cells has a protective role against endotoxemia and bacterial infection by promoting autophagy (By similarity). Involved in endosomal translocation and activation of TLR9 in response to CpG-DNA in macrophages.
      In the extracellular compartment (following either active secretion or passive release) involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Fully reduced HGMB1 (which subsequently gets oxidized after release) in association with CXCL12 mediates the recruitment of inflammatory cells during the initial phase of tissue injury; the CXCL12:HMGB1 complex triggers CXCR4 homodimerization (PubMed:22370717). Induces the migration of monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells and seems to regulate adhesive and migratory functions of neutrophils implicating AGER/RAGE and ITGAM (By similarity). Can bind to various types of DNA and RNA including microbial unmethylated CpG-DNA to enhance the innate immune response to nucleic acids. Proposed to act in promiscuous DNA/RNA sensing which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (By similarity). Promotes extracellular DNA-induced AIM2 inflammasome activation implicating AGER/RAGE (PubMed:24971542). Disulfide HMGB1 binds to transmembrane receptors, such as AGER/RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 and probably TREM1, thus activating their signal transduction pathways. Mediates the release of cytokines/chemokines such as TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL10 (PubMed:12765338, PubMed:18354232, PubMed:19264983, PubMed:20547845, PubMed:24474694). Promotes secretion of interferon-gamma by macrophage-stimulated natural killer (NK) cells in concert with other cytokines like IL-2 or IL-12 (PubMed:15607795). TLR4 is proposed to be the primary receptor promoting macrophage activation and signaling through TLR4 seems to implicate LY96/MD-2 (PubMed:20547845). In bacterial LPS- or LTA-mediated inflammatory responses binds to the endotoxins and transfers them to CD14 for signaling to the respective TLR4:LY96 and TLR2 complexes (PubMed:18354232, PubMed:21660935, PubMed:25660311). Contributes to tumor proliferation by association with ACER/RAGE (By similarity). Can bind to IL1-beta and signals through the IL1R1:IL1RAP receptor complex (PubMed:18250463). Binding to class A CpG activates cytokine production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells implicating TLR9, MYD88 and AGER/RAGE and can activate autoreactive B cells. Via HMGB1-containing chromatin immune complexes may also promote B cell responses to endogenous TLR9 ligands through a B-cell receptor (BCR)-dependent and ACER/RAGE-independent mechanism (By similarity). Inhibits phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages; the function is dependent on poly-ADP-ribosylation and involves binding to phosphatidylserine on the cell surface of apoptotic cells (By similarity). In adaptive immunity may be involved in enhancing immunity through activation of effector T cells and suppression of regulatory T (TReg) cells (PubMed:15944249, PubMed:22473704). In contrast, without implicating effector or regulatory T-cells, required for tumor infiltration and activation of T-cells expressing the lymphotoxin LTA:LTB heterotrimer thus promoting tumor malignant progression (By similarity). Also reported to limit proliferation of T-cells (By similarity). Released HMGB1:nucleosome complexes formed during apoptosis can signal through TLR2 to induce cytokine production (PubMed:19064698). Involved in induction of immunological tolerance by apoptotic cells; its pro-inflammatory activities when released by apoptotic cells are neutralized by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent oxidation specifically on Cys-106 (PubMed:18631454). During macrophage activation by activated lymphocyte-derived self apoptotic DNA (ALD-DNA) promotes recruitment of ALD-DNA to endosomes.
    • 組織特異性

      Ubiquituous. Expressed in platelets (PubMed:11154118).
    • 配列類似性

      Belongs to the HMGB family.
      Contains 2 HMG box DNA-binding domains.
    • ドメイン

      HMG box 2 mediates proinflammatory cytokine-stimulating activity and binding to TLR4 (PubMed:12765338, PubMed:20547845). However, not involved in mediating immunogenic activity in the context of apoptosis-induced immune tolerance (PubMed:24474694).
      The acidic C-terminal domain forms a flexible structure which can reversibly interact intramolecularily with the HMG boxes and modulate binding to DNA and other proteins (PubMed:23063560).
    • 翻訳後修飾

      Phosphorylated at serine residues. Phosphorylation in both NLS regions is required for cytoplasmic translocation followed by secretion (PubMed:17114460).
      Acetylated on multiple sites upon stimulation with LPS (PubMed:22801494). Acetylation on lysine residues in the nuclear localization signals (NLS 1 and NLS 2) leads to cytoplasmic localization and subsequent secretion (By similarity). Acetylation on Lys-3 results in preferential binding to DNA ends and impairs DNA bending activity.
      Reduction/oxidation of cysteine residues Cys-23, Cys-45 and Cys-106 and a possible intramolecular disulfide bond involving Cys-23 and Cys-45 give rise to different redox forms with specific functional activities in various cellular compartments: 1- fully reduced HMGB1 (HMGB1C23hC45hC106h), 2- disulfide HMGB1 (HMGB1C23-C45C106h) and 3- sulfonyl HMGB1 (HMGB1C23soC45soC106so).
      Poly-ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 when secreted following stimulation with LPS.
      In vitro cleavage by CASP1 is liberating a HMG box 1-containing peptide which may mediate immunogenic activity; the peptide antagonizes apoptosis-induced immune tolerance (PubMed:24474694). Can be proteolytically cleaved by a thrombin:thrombomodulin complex; reduces binding to heparin and proinflammatory activities.
    • 細胞内局在

      Nucleus. Chromosome. Cytoplasm. Secreted. Cell membrane. Endosome. Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. In basal state predominantly nuclear. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:17114460). Translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon autophagy stimulation (PubMed:20819940). Release from macrophages in the extracellular milieu requires the activation of NLRC4 or NLRP3 inflammasomes (By similarity). Passively released to the extracellular milieu from necrotic cells by diffusion, involving the fully reduced HGMB1 which subsequently gets oxidized (PubMed:19811284). Also released from apoptic cells (PubMed:16855214, PubMed:18631454). Active secretion from a variety of immune and non-immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells and natural killer cells in response to various stimuli such as LPS and cytokines involves a nonconventional secretory process via secretory lysosomes (PubMed:12231511, PubMed:14532127, PubMed:15944249). Secreted by plasma cells in response to LPS (By similarity). Found on the surface of activated platelets (PubMed:11154118).
    • Target information above from: UniProt accession P09429 The UniProt Consortium
      The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010
      Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) .

      Information by UniProt

    画像

    • Functional Studies - Human HMGB1 peptide (ab18650)
      Functional Studies - Human HMGB1 peptide (ab18650)This image is courtesy of an Abreview submitted by Pijus Barman.

      See Abreview

    プロトコール

    To our knowledge, customised protocols are not required for this product. Please try the standard protocols listed below and let us know how you get on.

    Click here to view the general protocols

    データシートおよび資料

    • Datasheet download

      Download

    参考文献 (4)

    ab18650 を使用した論文を発表された方は、こちらまでお知らせください。データシートに掲載させていただきます。

    ab18650 は 4 報の論文で使用されています。

    • Willis WL  et al. The proinflammatory protein HMGB1 is a substrate of transglutaminase-2 and forms high-molecular weight complexes with autoantigens. J Biol Chem 293:8394-8409 (2018). PubMed: 29618516
    • Laronda MM  et al. A bioprosthetic ovary created using 3D printed microporous scaffolds restores ovarian function in sterilized mice. Nat Commun 8:15261 (2017). PubMed: 28509899
    • Kouzoukas DE  et al. Protease-Activated Receptor 4 Induces Bladder Pain through High Mobility Group Box-1. PLoS One 11:e0152055 (2016). PubMed: 27010488
    • Vezzoli M  et al. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release and Redox Regulation Accompany Regeneration and Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal : (2011). Blocking, IHC-Fr . PubMed: 21294652

    レビューと Q&A

    Show All レビュー Q&A
    レビューを送る 質問を送る

    1-5 of 5 Abreviews or Q&A

    This HMGB1 does not induce inflammation in tissue explants

    Below average
    Abreviews
    Abreviews
    Application
    Functional Studies
    We tested this peptide for its ability to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine release in tissue explants and found no induction. We ordered another HMGB1 from IBL International, which worked for this assay.

    Abcam user community

    Verified customer

    投稿 Jan 29 2014

    Other (Stimulation of mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and surface TLR4 expression scoring by flow cytom) Abreview for HMGB1 peptide (Active)

    Excellent
    Abreviews
    Abreviews
    abreview image
    Application
    Other - Do not use

    Review text: Mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was stimulated by HMGB1 peptide in different doses for 24 hours and TLR4 surface expression was scored by flow cytometry.
    Sample: Mouse Cell

    Primary antibody (in addition to 'HMGB1 peptide (Active)')
    Name: Non-Abcam antibody was used: Anti-Mouse CD284 (TLR4) PE
    Host species: Mouse
    Clonality: Monoclonal
    Conjugation: Phycoerythrin
    Concentration: 0.5 µg/10^6 cells

    Secondary antibody
    Secondary antibody: None used

    Mr. Pijus Barman

    Verified customer

    投稿 May 25 2011

    Question

    What is the concentration of HEPES and pH of the storage buffer for this item?

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Dec 14 2011

    Answer

    The concentration of HEPES is 30 mM and the pH of the storage buffer is at 6.75.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Dec 14 2011

    Question

    Hi Miss/sir, I got a chemical named as HMGB1 peptide(ab18650) from abcam. There seems to be a doubt in its storage buffer marked in red as follows? What is the unit of 20 HEPES? Storage buffer Preservative: None Constituents: 0.001% Tween 20, HEPES, 2mM EDTA, 150mM Sodium chloride Thanks. Best regards.  

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Dec 14 2011

    Answer

    Thank you for contacting us. The storage buffer for ab18650 is as follow: 30mM Hepes 150mM NaCl 2mM EDTA 0.001% Tween 20 pH 6.75 Therefore the Hepes concentration is 30mM and "Tween 20" is a detergent with a concentration of 0.001%.  I hope this information is helpful to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you need any more advice or information.  

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Dec 14 2011

    Question

    I am interested in exploring the functional properties of the HMGB1 protein offered (ab18650) on mouse cells(PBMC). The description of your product states that it is derived from humans and this is what troubles me. An abreview shows data suggesting it might induce a response in a mouse cell line, but the effect (TLR4 surface expression) is (in my opinion) not the best way to tell that the protein induced a response. Do you have any other data from this protein that would confirm the stimulatory effect on mouse cells?. Would you recommend testing it?.

    Read More

    Abcam community

    Verified customer

    Asked on Dec 08 2011

    Answer

    Thank you for your enquiry. At this time the Abreview data is the only information we have suggesting ab18650 has functional properties. Do you feel TLR4 expression and exposure of cells to this region of HMGB1 are unrelated? If you have an alternative approach for using the peptide in a functional assay then it would certainly be interesting to see the results. I hope this helps to answer your questions. Please feel free to contact me again if you need anything further.

    Read More

    Abcam Scientific Support

    Answered on Dec 08 2011

    Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES"
    For licensing inquiries, please contact partnerships@abcam.com

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