Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor 抗体 [BuGR2] (ab2768)

Reviews (4)Q&A (16)References (36)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Western blot - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
  • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)

Key features and details

  • Mouse monoclonal [BuGR2] to Glucocorticoid Receptor
  • Suitable for: ICC/IF, Flow Cyt, WB
  • Reacts with: Mouse, Human
  • Isotype: IgG2

製品の概要

  • 製品名

    Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2]
    Glucocorticoid Receptor 一次抗体 製品一覧

  • 製品の詳細

    Mouse monoclonal [BuGR2] to Glucocorticoid Receptor

  • 由来種

    Mouse

  • 特異性

    Immunocytochemical staining of GR in L929 cells with this antibody results in staining of both the cytoplasm and nucleus, even in the presence of hormone. This antibody, using enzymatic digestion analysis, has been shown to react with the undigested 97 kDa GR, a 17 kDa DNA-binding trypsin fragment, and a 45 kDa steroid- and DNA-binding chymotrypsin fragment.

  • アプリケーション

    適用あり: ICC/IF, Flow Cyt, WBmore details

  • 種交差性

    交差種: Mouse, Human
    非交差種: Bird, Non human primates, Amphibian

  • 免疫原

    Other Immunogen Type corresponding to Rat Glucocorticoid Receptor. Partially purified rat GR.

  • ポジティブ･コントロール

    • ICC/IF: A549, HeLa, and U251 cells; Flow Cyt: Jurkat, HeLa, and NIH/3T3 cells; WB: Mouse liver lysate.

  • 特記事項

    The Life Science industry has been in the grips of a reproducibility crisis for a number of years. Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. Please check that this product meets your needs before purchasing.

    If you have any questions, special requirements or concerns, please send us an inquiry and/or contact our Support team ahead of purchase. Recommended alternatives for this product can be found below, along with publications, customer reviews and Q&As

製品の特性

アプリケーション

The Abpromise guarantee

Abpromise保証は、 次のテスト済みアプリケーションにおけるab2768の使用に適用されます

アプリケーションノートには、推奨の開始希釈率がありますが、適切な希釈率につきましてはご検討ください。

アプリケーション Abreviews 特記事項
ICC/IF (1)
1/50 - 1/500.
Flow Cyt
Use 0.5-1µg for 106 cells.

ab18414 - Mouse monoclonal IgG2a, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.
WB (2)
Use a concentration of 5 µg/ml. Detects a band of approximately 97 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 86 kDa). Using enzymatic digestion analysis detects a band of approximately 97 kDa, a 17 kDa DNA-binding trypsin fragment, and a 45 kDa steroid- and DNA-binding chymotrypsin fragment (predicted molecular weight: 86 kDa).
特記事項
ICC/IF
1/50 - 1/500.
Flow Cyt
Use 0.5-1µg for 106 cells.

ab18414 - Mouse monoclonal IgG2a, is suitable for use as an isotype control with this antibody.
WB
Use a concentration of 5 µg/ml. Detects a band of approximately 97 kDa (predicted molecular weight: 86 kDa). Using enzymatic digestion analysis detects a band of approximately 97 kDa, a 17 kDa DNA-binding trypsin fragment, and a 45 kDa steroid- and DNA-binding chymotrypsin fragment (predicted molecular weight: 86 kDa).

ターゲット情報

  • 機能

    Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a significant role in transactivation. Involved in nuclear translocation.

  • 組織特異性

    Widely expressed. In the heart, detected in left and right atria, left and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart.

  • 関連疾患

    Defects in NR3C1 are a cause of glucocorticoid resistance (GCRES) [MIM:138040]; also known as cortisol resistance. It is a hypertensive, hyperandrogenic disorder characterized by increased serum cortisol concentrations. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.

  • 配列類似性

    Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.
    Contains 1 nuclear receptor DNA-binding domain.

  • ドメイン

    Composed of three domains: a modulating N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain.

  • 翻訳後修飾

    Increased proteasome-mediated degradation in response to glucocorticoids.
    Phosphorylated in the absence of hormone; becomes hyperphosphorylated in the presence of glucocorticoid. The Ser-203-phosphorylated form is mainly cytoplasmic, and the Ser-211-phosphorylated form is nuclear. Transcriptional activity correlates with the amount of phosphorylation at Ser-211.
    Sumoylated; this reduces transcription transactivation.
    Ubiquitinated; restricts glucocorticoid-mediated transcriptional signaling.

  • 細胞内局在

    Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasmic in the absence of ligand, nuclear after ligand-binding and Nucleus. Localized largely in the nucleus.
  • Information by UniProt

  • 参照データベース

    • 別名

      • GCCR antibody
      • GCR antibody
      • GCR_HUMAN antibody
      • GCRST antibody
      • glucocorticoid nuclear receptor variant 1 antibody
      • Glucocorticoid receptor antibody
      • GR antibody
      • GRL antibody
      • Grl1 antibody
      • nr3c1 antibody
      • Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 antibody
      • nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor) antibody
      see all

    画像

    • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)

      Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor shows staining in A549 cells. Glucocorticoid Receptor (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with ab2768 (1:100) over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody. Images were taken at 60X magnification.

    • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)

      Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor shows staining in HeLa cells. Glucocorticoid Receptor (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with ab2768 (1:100) over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody. Images were taken at 60X magnification.

    • Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)

      Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor shows staining in U251 cells. Glucocorticoid Receptor (green), F-Actin staining with Phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue) is shown. Cells were grown on chamber slides and fixed with formaldehyde prior to staining. Cells were probed without (control) or with ab2768 (1:100) over night at 4°C, washed with PBS and incubated with a DyLight-488 conjugated secondary antibody. Images were taken at 60X magnification.

    • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow cytometry analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor showing positive staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm of NIH/3T3 cells compared to an isotype control (blue). Cells were harvested and adjusted to a concentration of 1-5x10^6 cells/ml. Cells were then fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and washed with PBS. Cells were penetrated by dropping the supernatant and adding 90% methanol followed by incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature. Cells were blocked with a 2% solution of BSA-PBS for 30 min at room temperature and incubated with ab2768 at 2 ug/test for 60 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated for 40 min at room temperature in the dark using a Dylight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody and re-suspended in PBS for FACS analysis.
    • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow cytometry analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor showing positive staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Jurkat cells compared to an isotype control (blue). Cells were harvested and adjusted to a concentration of 1-5x10^6 cells/ml. Cells were then fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and washed with PBS. Cells were penetrated by dropping the supernatant and adding 90% methanol followed by incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature. Cells were blocked with a 2% solution of BSA-PBS for 30 min at room temperature and then incubated with ab2768 at 1 ug/test for 60 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated for 40 min at room temperature in the dark using a Dylight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody and re-suspended in PBS for FACS analysis.
    • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow cytometry analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor showing positive staining in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Hela cells compared to an isotype control (blue). Cells were harvested and adjusted to a concentration of 1-5x10^6 cells/ml. Cells were then fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and washed with PBS. Cells were penetrated by dropping the supernatant and adding 90% methanol followed by incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature. Cells were blocked with a 2% solution of BSA-PBS for 30 min at room temperature and incubated with ab2768 at 1 ug/test for 60 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated for 40 min at room temperature in the dark using a Dylight 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody and re-suspended in PBS for FACS analysis.
    • Western blot - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Western blot - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Western blot of glucocorticoid receptor on mouse liver extract using ab2768. Western blot of glucocorticoid receptor on mouse liver extract using ab2768.
    • Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Flow Cytometry - Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] - ChIP Grade (ab2768)
      Overlay histogram showing Jurkat cells stained with ab2768 (red line). The cells were fixed with 80% methanol (5 min) and then permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min. The cells were then incubated in 1x PBS / 10% normal goat serum / 0.3M glycine to block non-specific protein-protein interactions followed by the antibody (ab2768, 0.5µg/1x106 cells) for 30 min at 22ºC. The secondary antibody used was DyLight® 488 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) (ab96879) at 1/500 dilution for 30 min at 22ºC. Isotype control antibody (black line) was mouse IgG2 (1µg/1x106 cells) used under the same conditions. Acquisition of >5,000 events was performed. This antibody gave a positive signal in Jurkat cells fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (10 min)/permeabilized with 0.1% PBS-Tween for 20 min used under the same conditions.

    参考文献 (36)

    ab2768 を使用した論文を発表された方は、こちらまでお知らせください。データシートに掲載させていただきます。

    ab2768 は 36 報の論文で使用されています。

    • Ponce-Lina R  et al. Differential Phosphorylation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Hippocampal Subregions Induced by Contextual Fear Conditioning Training. Front Behav Neurosci 14:12 (2020). PubMed: 32116592
    • Yang X  et al. MAGI2-AS3 rs7783388 polymorphism contributes to colorectal cancer risk through altering the binding affinity of the transcription factor GR to the MAGI2-AS3 promoter. J Clin Lab Anal 34:e23431 (2020). PubMed: 32533587
    • Hu W  et al. Glucocorticoid-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GC-IGF1) axis programming mediated hepatic lipid-metabolic in offspring caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. Toxicol Lett 331:167-177 (2020). PubMed: 32535229
    • Yang Y  et al. Sex-biased transgenerational transmission of betaine-induced epigenetic modifications in glucocorticoid receptor gene and its down-stream BDNF/ERK pathway in rat hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci N/A:1-12 (2020). PubMed: 32840180
    • Park SY  et al. Distribution of and steroid hormone effects on calbindin-D9k in the immature rat brain. Brain Res Bull 152:225-235 (2019). PubMed: 31357009
    View all Publications for this product

    レビューと Q&A

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    レビューを送る 質問を送る

    1-10 of 20 Abreviews or Q&A

    Question

    Thanks for your kindly reply, after I contacted with this customer, she indicated she doesn’t want to test this antibody,and she has not yet to decided the free of replacement, therefore, could you please help this customer to create a credit note?



    Thanks for your kindly help

    Best regards

    Read More
    Answer

    Thank you for your note.

    This is to let you know that I have just contacted and asked our Account Department to raise a credit note for you - for the cost of one vial of ab2768. For your information, the internal reference note for this credit is CN20942. You can use this credit in the near future for any of the products which are in the catalogue.

    I hope this helps and if I can assist further, please do not hesitate to contact me.

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    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence abreview for Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor [BuGR2] antibody - ChIP Grade

     Excellent
    Abreviews
    abreview image
    Application
    Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence
    Blocking step
    (agent) for 1 hour(s) and 0 minute(s) · Concentration: 3% · Temperature: 25°C
    Sample
    Rat Cell (Neuron)
    Specification
    Neuron
    Permeabilization
    Yes - 0.25% Triton-X
    Fixative
    Paraformaldehyde
    Read More

    Abcam user community

    Verified customer

    投稿 Jan 24 2014

    Question

    I'm having trouble with the mentioned antibody. I am running immunohistochemistry with fixed free-floating brain tissue with DAB. I tried my protocol with antigen-retrieval using citrate buffer and heat, and without retrieval steps. The concentration of antibody used was 1:500. Nothing is staining at all.

    Read More
    Answer



    We have a customer review (Abreview) using this antibody in IHC-Fr which notes successful use of enzymatic retrieval in rat brain sections.

    Here is a link to this customer review:
    https://www.abcam.com/Glucocorticoid-Receptor-BuGR2-antibody-ab2768/reviews/32407

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    Immunohistochemistry (PFA perfusion fixed frozen sections) abreview for Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2]

     Good
    Abreviews
    abreview image
    Application
    Immunohistochemistry (PFA perfusion fixed frozen sections)
    Sample
    Rat Tissue sections (Brain)
    Specification
    Brain
    Fixative
    Formaldehyde
    Antigen retrieval step
    Enzymatic
    Permeabilization
    Yes - Triton X-100
    Blocking step
    BSA as blocking agent for 1 hour(s) and 0 minute(s) · Concentration: 3% · Temperature: RT°C
    Read More

    Abcam user community

    Verified customer

    投稿 Oct 23 2012

    Question

    Hi
    Thank you for responding to my request. The information you gathered is most useful and will allow us to design the next set of experiments.

    Best regards

    Read More
    Answer

    I am glad you have found the information provide of use.

    If you do have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact us again.

    Until then, I wish you all the best with your research.

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    Question

    Phone call requesting information of the epitope recognised by the anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] (ab2768).

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    Answer

    Thank you for contacting us yesterday and sorry for the delay in getting back to you.

    I can now share with you the information we have in regards to the epitope recognised by the Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2] (ab2768).

    The epitope recognised by the antibody has been determined to be within the region 407 to 422 or Rat Glucocorticoid Receptor (SwissProt reference http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P06536). This corresponds to the region 388-402 of the human Glucocorticoid Receptor (SwissProt reference P04150). I would therefore expect the antibody to detect both the alpha and beta forms of the receptor. However, as we have not performed any studies to determine this conclusively I would not be able to guarantee this.

    I hope this information has been of help. If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to ask.

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    Question

    Je vous confirme vouloir tester l'anticorps ab2768. Le bon de commande
    est en cours d'émission à notre laboratoire
    Cordialement

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    Answer

    Code de remise : ********
    Date d’expiration : JJ MM AAAA
    Je suis ravi que vous souhaitiez participer à notre offre, tester ab2768 en IHC-FoFr et partager vos résultats. Le code promotionnel correspondant est *******, il est valable 4 mois et pour la commande d’un autre anticorps primaire gratuit.
    Vous devez dans un premier temps soumettre une Abreview avec vos résultats en IHC-FoFr en notant ce code dans la section « Additional notes ». Ce code sera ainsi activé et vous pourrez par la suite contacter notre service clientèle par téléphone pour passer votre prochaine commande, en vous munissant des informations suivantes : code de réduction, numéro de commande de ab2768.
    Nous restons à votre disposition pour plus d’informations concernant cette offre promotionnelle. Dans l’attente de recevoir votre Abreview nous vous souhaitons bonne chance dans vos recherches.
    Termes et Conditions : www.abcam.com/collaborationdiscount.

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    Question

    Image of ab2768 in IHC-FoFr

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    Answer

    Merci de votre intérêt pour ab2768.
    Comme expliqué par téléphone, cet anticorps a été testé en IHC-FoFr (PubMed: 20307510) mais nous ne disposons malheureusement pas d'image pour cette apllication.
    Si vous souhaitez tester ab2768 en IHC-FoFr, il me sera possible de vous offrir une remise. Après soumission d’une Abreview avec vos résultats et une image, un anticorps primaire de votre choix vous sera offert.
    Etapes à suivre :
    1. Nous confirmer que vous souhaiteriez tester ab2768 en IHC-FoFr afin de recevoir le code de remise correspondant. Ce code doit être édité avant l’achat de ab2768
    2. Acheter ab2768 par téléphone, fax ou internet (www.abcam.com)
    3. Le tester en IHC-FoFr
    4. Nous faire part de vos résultats grâce à notre système Abreview. Pour plus d’informations https://www.abcam.com/abreviews
    5. Après soumission de votre Abreview, appeler notre service clientèle afin de passer votre prochaine commande grâce au code de réduction. Ce code de réduction est utilisable 120 jours après son édition et utilisable lors de l’achat d’un autre anticorps primaire.
    N’hésitez pas à nous demander plus d’informations concernant cette offre promotionnelle.
    Termes et Conditions : www.abcam.com/collaborationdiscount.

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    Question

    Thanks for your kindly reply, after contacting with this customer and passed these suggestions to her then she modified the experiment step as your suggestions but it did not improve the result. I attached the result and the compositions of the lysis buffer in this letter, please check it and help this customer to solve the problem.


    Thanks for your kindly help
    Best regards

    Read More
    Answer

    Could you please ask customer, if they are happy to trying a different lot?

    Thanks!

    Read More

    Question

    Dear technical support team:

    This customer has purchased ab2768 (Anti-Glucocorticoid Receptor antibody [BuGR2]) and has conducted the wb with human sample sever times. The results show multiple bands, therefore, she wants to ask for your help to modify her experiment step, could you please offer any suggestion to help her?

    I also attached her data in this letter and her experiment step as follow:



    1. Order details:


    Batch number: gr51696-3

    Po: 1040660

    Abcam product code: ab2768

    Antibody storage conditions (temperature/reconstitution etc)


    -20 ℃



    2. Please describe the problem (high background, wrong band size, more bands, no band etc).

    More bands

    3. On what material are you testing the antibody in WB?

    · Species: human

    · What’s cell line or tissue: HK-2, human cell line

    · Cell extract or Nuclear extract: both

    · Purified protein or Recombinant protein: no



    3. The lysate


    How much protein was loaded: 60ug/ 30ug

    What lysis buffer was used:



    What protease inhibitors were used:

    What loading buffer was used:

    Phosphatase inhibitors

    Did you heat the samples: temperature and time: 100℃ for 5 mins




    4. Electrophoresis/Gel conditions/ Transfer conditions


    Reducing or non reducing gel: Reducing gel

    Reducing agent: SDS

    Gel percentage : 7.5 %

    Transfer conditions: (Type of membrane, Protein transfer verified):


    PVDF, Protein transfer didn’t verified



    5. Blocking conditions


    Buffer: TTBS

    Blocking agent: milk, BSA, serum, what percentage: 5% non-fat milk

    Incubation time: at RT for 30 mins

    Incubation temperature: at RT for 30 mins






    6. Primary Antibody


    Species: mouse

    Reacts against: human


    · At what dilution(s) have you tested this antibody: 1: 1000

    · What dilution buffer was used: TTBS with 5% non-fat milk

    · Incubation time: at 4℃ for overnight

    · Incubation temperature: at 4℃ for overnight

    · What washing steps were done:



    7. Secondary Antibody


    Species: goat

    Reacts against: mouse

    At what dilution(s) have you tested this antibody: 1:10000

    Incubation time: at RT for 1 hr

    Wash steps: at RT for 1 hr

    Fluorochrome or enzyme conjugate: No

    Do you know whether the problems you are experiencing come from the secondary? No, it isn’t come from the secondary.




    8. Detection method
    ECl, ECl+, other detection method:

    ECL

    9. Did you apply positive and negative controls along with the samples? Please specify.

    To overexpress of GR

    10. Optimization attempts

    · How many times have you tried the Western? 3 times

    · Have you eliminated the possibility that any background bands could be due to the secondary antibody? (Run a “No primary” control): No

    · Do you obtain the same results every time e.g. are background bands always in the same place? Yes

    · What steps have you altered?

    1. GR can translocate to nucleus in DEX- treated.

    2. To change protein conc.

    3. To overexpress of GR.

    Could you please help this customer to solve the problem?

    Thanks for your kindly help

    Best regards

    Read More
    Answer

    Thank you for your enquiry regarding ab2768 and for taking the time to provide some useful details of the experiments. I am very sorry to hear that you are having problems with this antibody.

    After reading through the detailed protocol you kindly forwarded to Abcam, I would like to make the following comments/suggestions:

    1) Isoforms:

    According to the literature, 9 different isoforms have been described :http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P04150 and it is possible that the customer may detect some splice variants.

    2) Lysis buffer:

    Could you please specify the compositions of the lysis buffer? Does it contain detergent?

    3) Loading:

    Has the customer tried to load less total protein than 30 ug per lane i.e. 5-10 ug.

    4) Blocking:

    Longer blocking than 30 mins would be recommended for this case such as 1 hour.

    5) Positive control:

    It would be worth running a positive control along with the samples such as liver or kidney tissue lysate (from mouse or human). As the on-line Western blot image indicates, total mouse liver lysate was used to test this antibody in the Lab.

    I hope this will be useful for you. Should you still have any problem with this antibody after following these suggestions, then please do not hesitate to contact our Technical Department again.

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